Elephant (2003) Free Essays

On Tuesday, April 20, 1999, at Columbine High School close to Denver, Colorado, two senior understudies set out on a slaughter, killing twelve understudies, one instructor, and harming more than twenty additional understudies. The two pained understudies at that point ended it all. It is the fourth deadliest school slaughter in United States history. We will compose a custom exposition test on Elephant (2003) or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now The expression â€Å"elephant in the room† is utilized as an analogy to depict a conspicuous truth that goes unaddressed, or just disregarded. Everybody realizes it is there, however nobody will say what should be stated, or recognize the difficult that is before them. Gus Van Sant’s, Elephant, is a true to life reaction to the 1999 Columbine High School shootings. Van Sant’s open-finished treatment of the Columbine occasion is one case of how his imaginative system can center the social unpredictability behind the episode, and animate interest from the crowd. This style of film ventures far past the customary limits forthright, exhibiting this is just starting to expose what's underneath, recommending that there is significantly more profundity than what is appeared on display. Elephant will not change in accordance with regular perspectives on circumstances and logical results, and rather weaves a certain spell on its crowd with its particular long takes, diegetic and non-diegetic sounds, and an interlacing, reasonable story structure, all adding to its noteworthy visual amicability and an everlasting enthusiastic effect on the individuals who witness it. One inventive procedure that Van Sant utilizes all through the movie’s aggregate is its unmistakable, yet novel long takes. This unpredictable method of recording decides the environment of the film all in all. Van Sant takes the crowd on a trancelike excursion as the camera pursues each character around the school. The activity is moved along by the ceaseless course of the camera following behind various understudies as they explore the school corridors, cafeteria, library, and football field. During these long takes, the crowd is given the viewpoint of an aloof observer to the activity as it unfurls unavoidably. Subsequently, it turns into a moderate moving film with a snowballing and amazing effect. As Van Sant puts it, â€Å"No cutting is superior to cutting. A created story isn’t on a par with something that’s more organic†(Van Sant). These long scenes are rehashed, however through the eyes of various characters each noteworthy another point of view of the scene, which builds the compassion toward these understudies who have no clue about what is coming, yet was at that point uncovered to the crowd. With these unmistakable and practical long takes, the scenes become protected in the crowds memory because of what appears to be a direct encounter of the horrendous mishap. Another key part to this motion pictures certain spell that it puts on its watchers is the utilization of diegetic and non-diegetic sounds. All through the film there is consistently a steady stable, regardless of whether it is the echoes of voices in the foyers and storage space, or the sound of Beethoven playing underneath the diegetic sounds. The utilization of these diegetic sounds help make a progressively practical point of view for the crowds. As they follow behind each character intently, Van Sant tries to include every single detail he can to guarantee that the crowd gets as crude and as credible of a view as could be expected under the circumstances. For instance, the gathering of little youngsters in the cafeteria or in the storage space, there are no solid influences included, what you see is the thing that you hear, making a naturalistic environment. As another approach to build the strain, Van Sant deliberately puts the non-diegetic sound of a piano playing old style music to make an unpropitious state of mind in the chose scenes. There are just a couple of scenes at which the piano is played, and it effectively goes unnoticed. The hints of traditional music playing underneath the diegetic sounds puts the crowds in an illusory state, as everything they can do is kick back and watch as the story unfurls. The joining and sensible account structure of this film helps show the various purposes of perspectives on this disaster, enabling the crowd to become â€Å"the perfect nonexistent observer† and feel as near the genuine article as could reasonably be expected. Subsequent to investigating the film, Manohla Dargis of the LA Times states, â€Å"Every so regularly, Van Sant rehashes a scene from another point of view, as though he were twisting back time, and decelerates the clamoring to place the film into moderate movement so we can pay observer to this disastrous liveliness, to the aliveness of these kids. I think this is the reason Van Sant made â€Å"Elephant† †he needs to respect the lives of the Columbine dead, to recollect all the children in their brilliant, consuming life. †(Dargis). Similar scenes are replayed on different occasions from alternate points of view to show the greatness of the circumstance, and exactly how incredible what is occurring truly is. Rather than throwing large name on-screen characters, Van Sant throws customary secondary school youngsters, who extemporize their exchange to cause it to appear as reasonable as possible. By getting this account structure far from the excitement and simulation of great Hollywood movies, Van Sant permits the story to unfurl normally and can protect the movies genuine importance, which is to concentrate on the horrendous mishap that is directly on display, yet nobody needs to address. All through the film, the crowd is given a top to bottom gander at what occurred that disastrous day. To the extent realness, this film is as practical of a translation as there can be without dunking into the allure of Hollywood, and contortion for a superior content. This film is as genuine as it gets, and it is a direct result of the inventive, non-customary style that Van Sant utilizes all through it. There are a few distinct components that go into making this film, for example, an interlacing story structure, or the utilization of inventive and one of a kind shots that help make it amazingly significant. A few components can be seen with the unaided eye; others require somewhat more mind. Whether or not or not the crowd can perceive any reason why this film is more inventive and spell bouncing than the following, they at any rate realize something is there like the glaring issue at hand. The most effective method to refer to Elephant (2003), Papers

Heroes and Heroines in American Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legends and Heroines in American Education - Essay Example Today, the United States is as yet the place that is known for new chances at life for the regular man. A huge number of individuals everywhere throughout the world despite everything might want to come to America and live here, hundreds of years after the primary European pioneers made it their New World. But then for youthful Americans, the legends and champions have progressively been constrained to what they see on TV, films and the individuals who exceed expectations in sports. This is because of the inescapability of media that has even assumed control over the job of instructing the brains and methods of the adolescent, away from that of the schools and even partially, the family. Youngsters sit in front of the TV numerous hours daily and even infants are weaned on kid's shows. In like manner, Hollywood news and the most recent triumph of a Tiger Woods or a Roger Federer take a great part of the time and consideration of adolescents. How youthful America is worshiping or making legends out of on-screen characters and sports stars ought to be taken into a specific point of view in as much as the positive impact of strengthening is all the more frequently an instance of pretend (on account of film stars for there is no certain method to tell the turn from the real or the genuine ) and seldom goes past individual accomplishment (on account of sports saints, aside from presumably with Michael Jordan who was perceived a great individual player as well as an extraordinary cooperative person also). Genuine legends and courageous women on the othe

How to Minimize Stress Before It Becomes Severe

How to Minimize Stress Before It Becomes Severe Stress Management Management Techniques Print How to Stop Life Stress Before It Becomes Severe By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on October 18, 2019 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living PBNJ Productions/Getty Images We all know what it feels like to be overwhelmed by stress, and this site has many techniques that can effectively reduce high levels of stress to more manageable levels so you don’t suffer negative health consequences. However, the best way to manage severe stress is to prevent it, or catch it while it’s still low-grade stress and prevent it from becoming severe and chronic. The following are some vital strategies that can help you to manage stress day-by-day to prevent it from becoming overwhelming. Watch Your Body Before you experience ulcers, heart disease and other major health problems from stress, your body will experience milder forms of discomfort, such as headaches, digestive issues, and poor sleep. When you feel these early warning signs, start practicing your tension taming techniques and put a stop to low-grade chronic stress before it becomes a bigger problem. Symptoms of Stress Physical Activity Practicing martial arts, jogging, lifting weights, or even a short walk can improve mood and reduce feelings of stress by increasing endorphins, lowering cortisol levels, and providing many other benefits.   Eat Well A healthy diet gives you the energy to handle daily stress and keeps your blood sugar levels stable so you don’t experience mood swings due to low blood sugar levels. Skipping meals and making poor food choices can contribute to fatigue, greater susceptibility to illness, greater feelings of stress, and a general feeling of poor health. Relax It’s important to keep your mind and body relaxed. Meditation, prayer, having a creative outlet, listening to music and laughter all help.   How To Trigger Your Relaxation Response Setting Boundaries Being over scheduled and rushed can be a significant cause of stress. By prioritizing your commitments and saying no to some tasks can help you be more successful with what you find to be really important, and you’ll have extra time for additional stress management activities. Maintain Social Support Having a supportive network of friends can help you stay healthy and reduce stress in many ways. Friends can provide resources that you may need when you’re in a bind or a supportive ear that helps you feel accepted and understood. Studies show that having a sense of belonging can reduce your risk of depression. And having a friend who makes you laugh can also make you healthier and less stressed. How to Create a Support Network Find Fun Distractions Playing games, reading, watching movies and t.v. can all help you get your mind off of what’s stressing you and onto something more pleasant. Sometimes this is just the break you need to stop a pattern of obsessing over your problems  and enable your body and mind to enter a relaxed state. When you come back to your stressors, they may not have the same powerful grip on you. Keep a Positive Perspective Throughout the day, stop and evaluate the endless stream of thoughts that run through your mind. If they’re negative, try to reframe those thoughts in a positive way. Positive thinking does not mean pretending everything’s great when it isn’tâ€"denial wont help improve your stress. Using less negative language in your self-talk, looking for the hidden benefits as well as the obvious drawbacks of stressful situations, and reminding yourself that this, too, shall pass are all effective strategies in positive thinking that have helped many people. Get Help If You Need It If stress is affecting your ability to work or find pleasure in life, seek help from your doctor, mental health provider or other professional. There’s no need to let stress overwhelm your life, and there are many effective forms of help available. Finding it could give you the life you want and deserve. Working toward implementing these practices into your daily routines can go a long way toward reducing stress in your life and leaving you healthier and happier. Take baby steps at first, and reward yourself for the progress you make, and in no time, these new practices will be old habits. Is Stress Making You Sick?

The Importance Of Surgery And Surgical Diseases - 1354 Words

The importance of surgery Surgical conditions are common and account for a significant portion of the global disease burden. â€Å"The term surgical condition refers to any condition that requires incision, excision, manipulation, suture, or other invasive procedure that usually, but not always, requires anesthesia.† (4) However, this term is not limited to patients upon whom an incision is made or is to be made. Surgical conditions cut across various groups or classes of disease ranging from communicable to non-communicable diseases and also occupational diseases. Surgical conditions are so prevalent that they comprise 11% of the global burden of disease.(5,6) Accompanying this large proportion disease burden is an large need for surgical procedures. Every year, about 234 million major surgeries are performed globally. (7,8) This figure neither expresses nor meets the current, and ever-growing, global surgical unmet need. A need which disproportionately affects developing countries both in numerical c ount and in its myriad impact. Surgical diseases have a profound negative impact the global economy. Physical injury, for example, primarily affects people in their most productive period of life. It is the principal cause of death in this age bracket (15-45 years).(9-11) Nine percent of deaths and 12% of the global burden of disease are accounted for by injuries.(10) Worldwide injury rates and injury-related mortality are commoner males.(12,13) Injury survivors are often left withShow MoreRelatedThe International Wound Infection Institute1194 Words   |  5 Pagesand the Surgical Care Improvement Program in the U.S. along with the National Health and Medical Council of Australia, agree that health care workers should be educated and have the information to prevent the spread of SSI s. (Clinical Practice). In order to reduce the number of surgical site infections (SSIs) a number of procedures and practices can be bundled for the optimal prevention of the spread of these infections. There are procedures that can b e done pre-op, during the surgical procedureRead MoreEBT Task 21531 Words   |  7 Pageschlorhexidine-alcohol (CHG) before surgery has been proven to be more effective to reduce the number of surgical site infections (SSI) than the use of povidone iodine. By reducing the number of infections post surgery, it can lower patient morbidity and can reduce hospital stay time and eliminate further unnecessary costs. A2a. Basis for Practice (who determined ) The basis for changing the method of using chlorhexidine-alcohol bath before all surgeries and not just the open heart patientsRead MoreEssay On Periodontal Disease1065 Words   |  5 PagesTreatment of periodontal disease can be broadly divided into two, non-surgical and surgical. Longitudinal comparison between non-surgical and surgical therapy had been studied extensively by groups of researchers, namely the Gothenburg, the Michigan, the Minnesota, the Nebraska, and the Arizona group. There are some heterogeneities between studies from different groups. Some studies focused on single rooted teeth, while others included molars. Majority of the studies are done in a university settingRead MorePrevention of Surgical Infections1402 Words   |  6 PagesThe post operative infection rate for patients having surgeries has slowly increased over the last several years and preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) has become a priority with many surgeons. The studies reviewed for this r esearch have stressed the importance of prophylactic antibiotic therapy (Stefansdottir, et al. 2009) and that the timing of this dose being given is becoming the utmost importance; along with the importance of appropriate antibiotic being given. There is not a largeRead MoreTools And Other Sharp Edged Devices1607 Words   |  7 Pagessharp-edged devices have been used to perform various surgical operations. Circumcision and other ritual operations were then performed with similar instruments. It seems that in the Neolithic time sawing stone and bone were used to perform amputations. Almost all major operations were carried out by the ancient Hindus nearly a thousand years before the advent of Greek medicine. Knowledge of the use of soporific options to relieve pain caused by surgery can be traced to ancient times. Then there came theRead MoreThe Benefits of Preoperative Education700 Words   |  3 Pagessatisfaction with the surgical experience. Typical patient education is provi ded through leaflets that are given to the patient before surgery and verbal information given by both doctors and nurses on the day of surgery. Pre-operative education is vital to patient comfort and safety of the patient. Appropriate preparation can minimise anxiety and stress, and therefore many of the physical effects, and ensure patients arrive in the operating theatre department ready for surgery. Physical preparationRead MoreImportance of Computers in Medicine794 Words   |  4 Pagesthe importance of computers in medicine. Importance of Computers in the Medical Field Storage of Patient Data and Health Information Computers are the excellent means for storage of patient-related data. Hospitals employ computer systems to maintain patient records. It is often necessary to maintain detailed records of the medical history of patients. Doctors often require information about a patients family history, physical ailments in the family (if any), already diagnosed diseases andRead MoreSurgical Outcomes In Gastric Cancer999 Words   |  4 Pageshave been optimized in this population. Surgical resection with complete surgical margin offers the highest potential for cure however some surgeons hesitate to perform surgical resections on the elderly due to perceived risk of postoperative complications and mortality associated with this group (36). Nonetheless, several recent studies have demonstrated that with advances in surgical and anaesthesiologic techniques and appropriate patients care, surgical outcomes and survival of elderly patientsRead MoreEssay about Computers in the Medical Field1420 Words    |  6 Pagespatients and their status. Computers also keep track of equipment placement and their status as well. Scientists depend on computers to help find cures for cancer, STDs, and other diseases. Computer software helps doctors’ research different symptoms, cures and treatments for different diseases. Cures for a lot of diseases would not have been found without the help of computers. Medical tools in the modern day are almost all made with small, programmed computers inside. â€Å"Medical imaging is a vastRead MoreSurgical Site Infections : Registered Nurses Play A Big Role1485 Words   |  6 PagesSurgical Site Infections Registered Nurses play a big role when it comes to patient care in the health care system. They use a systemic, dynamic way to collect and analyze data about a patient; we call this the assessment process (The Nursing Process, ANA, 2014). As a nurse you are not just seen as a caregiver, you are also seen as an advocate for patients who need to be cared for. We as Nurses have responsibilities such as knowing the laws, EMTALA, HIPPA, ADA and so on. Each of those laws gives

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Australia’s Religious Landscape Post 1945 Free Essays

â€Å"We live in a postmodern world in the sense that no single religion, system or ideology has any convincing claim to be the one voice of truth. We are yet to grasp the full reality that Australia is a pluralistic, multicultural, multi-religious society in which among people of different traditions and with indigenous people is a requirement of social cohesion. In a global world our national identities in no way preclude our responsibilities for the well-being of all humanity and the one earth we share. We will write a custom essay sample on Australia’s Religious Landscape Post 1945 or any similar topic only for you Order Now † – Dr Gerard Hall SM Dr Gerard Hall says we now live in a ‘postmodern world’ where ‘no single religion, system or ideology’ can ‘convincingly claim the one voice of truth’. Australia has been long dominated by the Christian faith with the 1911 census reporting 96% of Australians subscribing to any denomination of Christianity. This large percentage of Christians can be attributed to the White Australia policy. However, the 2011 census revealed a decrease of Christians with only 61% aligning themselves with the faith, half of the overseas-born population also reporting a Christian denomination. Non-Christians affiliations and those reporting ‘no religion’ have increased radically since the last census. The number of people reporting ‘No Religion’ increased from 15% of the population in 2001 to 22% in 2011. This is most prevalent among younger Australians with 28% of people aged 15-34 reporting they had no religious affiliation. There are over 59 religious traditions present in Australia today. Globalisation has influenced the growth of eastern religions and new age fads in Australian society. Migration has led to an increase in the number of religious adherents in non-Christian faiths such as Buddhism, Sikhism, Taoism and Hinduism. Hinduism has grown exponentially since 1911 at 189%, followed by Islam at 69%, and Buddhism at 48%. Atheism or citizens who have no revealed any religious affiliation has risen due to scientific advancement, rise of secularism, immigration and births. Along with this there is renewed interest in and awareness of Indigenous spirituality. Due to the ‘pluralistic, multicultural, multi-religious society’ of Australia, multi-faith dialogue is important for the cohesion and harmony of Australian society. Sometimes tensions between religious traditions or against a particular religion result in violence or discrimination. To illustrate this point, ignorant and prejudiced media portrayals of Muslims have encouraged anti-Islamic attitudes and stereotypes despite the peaceful religious teachings of the Koran. Dr Ameer Ali (President of Australian Federation of Islamic Councils) recognised that interfaith dialogue was essential to ‘understand each other’. Similarly, Archbishop George Pell believes that interfaith dialogue must be established to maintain currently peaceful relationships before potential hostilities have a chance to escalate. In 1964, Pope Paul VI recognised the need for interfaith communication, stating that; â€Å"We do not wish to turn a blind eye to the spiritual and moral values of the various non-Christian religions, for we desire to join with them in promoting and defending common ideals in the spheres of religious liberty, human brotherhood, education, culture, social welfare, and civic order. Dialogue is possible in all these great projects, which are our concern as much as theirs and we will not fail to offer opportunities for discussion in the event of such an offer being favourably received in genuine, mutual respect. We readily accept the principle of stressing what we all have in common rather than what divides us. This provides a good and fruitful basis for our dialogue, and we are prepared to engage upon it with a will. â€Å" Multi-faith dialogue assists in keeping peace and social unity in society, especially with organisations such as the NSW Council of Christians and Jews who recognise their common heritage in order to promote understanding and combat anti-Semitism. They organise activities that include an annual Passover demonstration directed to non-Jewish audiences, panel discussions and seminars on current subjects of interest, multi-denominational evenings for poetry and music, Holocaust education and an annual Christian commemorative service for the Holocaust held in the crypt of St Mary’s Roman Catholic Cathedral. Along with interfaith dialogue between Christians and Jews, the NSW Council of Christians and Jews also seek to broaden the interfaith relations with Islam in particular. Some past interfaith activities in Australia include the 2001 Anzac Day service at St. Mary’s Cathedral for Buddhist Monks and Christian Ministers, Centenary of Federation celebrations in Melbourne, Prayer services at Martin Place by the Muslim-Christian Council for peace in Indonesia, Prayer services for September 11, Asian Boxing Day Tsunami and Bali bombings. As Dr Gerard Hall says, in the current ‘global world, our national identities in no way preclude our responsibilities for the well-being of all humanity and the one earth we share’. This statement is illustrated by a number of international councils, one being the World Conference on Religion and Peace – an international council founded by the Buddhist Nichiko Niwano in 1970 that organises bi-annual ‘Heads of Faith Meetings’ that are attended by the leaders of the Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish and Baha’i faiths. The meetings conducted by the World Conference on Religion and Peace provide an opportunity for religious world leaders to exchange ideas and information and establish a working alliance between these religious traditions. The promotion of understanding and the education of interfaith co-operation assists in pursuing social justice issues, for example, Aboriginal reconciliation and rights. Reconciliation is the process whereby Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples move towards the future with a relationship based upon mutual recognition, understanding and respect. For this to happen there must be acknowledgement of past mistakes such as land dispossession and the stolen generation in order to make amends, such as restoring Native Title. Reconciliation is a long process which began with the 1967 referendum giving ATSI people the right to vote and the Commonwealth government the authority to make laws in the interest of ATSI people. Additionally, most churches have helped facilitate this reconciliation. The NCCA (National Council of Churches Australia) acknowledge that many of its member churches played a role in culmination of the stolen generations and issued a public statement on the ‘Bringing Them Home’ report making recommendations in support of Reconciliation. The Week of Prayer for Reconciliation began in 1993 with the goal of providing an interfaith week of prayer encompassing all faiths with the common goal of reconciliation. It is to devote time to prayer, thought and reflection on the soul of a nation and the relationship between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Attempts at reconciliation by various religious denominations have helped to bring out acceptance of the synchronization of Christian and Aboriginal religious traditions; as an example: many Aboriginal clergy incorporate Indigenous symbols and rituals from their own culture to express Christian concepts such as using Indigenous coconut milk instead of wine and damper or yam instead of bread, Christian stories are often retold with an Indigenous slant (instead of fire, they talk about fire sticks), red ochre is used instead of ashes/oil on the forehead and prayers are told in Indigenous languages. Many Christian churches incorporate Aboriginal Ministries and Aboriginal Spirituality into services, particularly Protestant churches though many people feel that incorporating Aboriginal beliefs into Christianity degrades both. Critics claim that ‘Self-determination’ is now replaced with ‘Main-Streaming’. ‘Practical Reconciliation’ is now the term used rather than a real acknowledgement of past wrongs. The Catholic Church has also made many positive overtures towards Reconciliation starting with Pope John Paul II’s visit to Alice Springs in 1986 who stated that â€Å"there is the need for just and proper settlement that lies unachieved in Australia’ Pope Benedict’s recent address to Australia encouraged ongoing assistance for Reconciliation. In 1998 the Catholic church joined with other churches to issues a statement called ‘Towards Reconciliation in Australian Society – Reconciliation and Aboriginal Australians’. They also pressured for more assistance for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders due to the ongoing psychological trauma of the Protection and Assimilation policies. National Reconciliation Week is a week of Catholic initiatives promoting reconciliation with emphasis on Aboriginal health. Other Christian churches involved in Reconciliation include the Anglican Church who expressed its support for Reconciliation during 1998. It also provides funding to National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Ecumenical Commission (NATSIEC) that assists in rebuilding Indigenous communities. Anglicare Australia and the Anglican Board of Missionaries formed the Anglican Reconciliation Working Group which provides accommodation, health care, family support for Indigenous communities and helps fund training of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. The Ecumenical movement Uniting Church formed a Uniting Aboriginal and Islander Christian Congress in Townsville that works with Indigenous people to promote compensation and healing for past wrongs. The Uniting Church National Assembly has also made a formal apology for its part in the harmful policies in the past and a commitment to a better future. Christian leaders and leaders from other religious faiths united in rejecting the Howard Government’s attempts to weaken the Wik legislation. Their conviction no doubt assisted in changing opinions and rallying support for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander rights. Interfaith dialogue especially between Dreaming and Christianity illustrate the importance of multi-faith communication. There are, however, limitations of interfaith dialogue as critics believe there are important differences between faiths that cannot be overlooked. There is also controversy that religions are trying to change and distort their religious beliefs to attempt to reconcile with other religions. Despite the criticisms of interfaith dialogue it still plays an essential role in Australian society to maintain peace and social cohesion. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. The Importance of Inter-faith Cooperation; available from http://www. buddhistinformation. com/importance_of_inter_faith_cooperation. htm [ 2 ]. Pope John Paul II’s public statement at Alice Springs, 1986; available from http://www. austlii. edu. au/au/orgs/car/docrec/relevant/docbook/p7. htm How to cite Australia’s Religious Landscape Post 1945, Essay examples

International Strategic Marketing Free Sample for Students

Question: Discss about the Energy Strategy to begin First Business Operation in Kuala Lumpur. Answer: Introduction The given assignment describes about entry strategy in Malaysian environment. Malaysia is considered as first preference for the companies to establish business by various entry strategies. The reason behind this is facility of easier trade. Malaysia is considered as a hub for producers and exporters of rubber, tin, palm oil. Besides this, the infrastructure, technological advancement is very high in Malaysia. The company planning to enter into Malaysian market can enter into service marketing, as it consists of 72% of total GDP of the nation. Entry strategy to begin first business operation in Kuala Lumpur For the company to enter into Malaysian market for the first time, it is preferable to opt for agency or distributor system. The reason behind this are as distribution system is responsible for dealing with wholesale and retailers, it becomes easy for the company to market its product, because in case of distribution system the product or services is marketed only to manufacturers and wholesalers, this helps the company in reducing the cost to a huge extent[1]. Now the point comes that how to establish distribution system in Malaysia that is by joint venture or opening a wholly owned subsidiary, by licensing and franchising, establishing export business or by acquiring an established business there. These factors need to be analyzed critically to analyze the impact on transport cost, trade barriers, political risk, cost, economic risk, and firm strategy. The optimal strategy need to be adopted by the company by analyzing that which strategy gives best cost advantage over another strategy[2]. In case of joint venture, it is considered as one of preferred choice to enter into a foreign market. As in the given case a company which is headquartered in UK, wants to establish its business into Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Joint venture advantages the partners in the form of sharing the expertise of each other, besides this it helps in expanding the personal capabilities. In this, the partners hold equal partnership[3]. In case of wholly owned subsidiary, the firm is allowed to operate its subsidiary in foreign market. The main advantage in this is the holding company holds 100% stock in subsidiary company, which reduces the restrictions of complying the rules and regulations of other company. Wholly owned subsidiary can be exercised by acquiring an existing company in foreign market that is Kuala Lumpur[4]. In case of exporting, it is advisable majorly for manufacturing business. While in case of licensing the company gets an intangible right to carry on the business for a specified period. While in franchising, the franchisee has to follow all the rules and regulations of franchiser, it is a specialized form of licensing[5]. Hence it is advisable for the company to opt for establishing an exporting unit in Kuala Lumpur. Is it better to set up wholly owned subsidiary or to form a joint venture with one of the local companies By analyzing the above stated entry strategies it is said that company has a choice to opt for either joint venture and wholly owned subsidiary[6]. By establishing a joint venture with the local company or organization of Kuala Lumpur, it can be said that firm can be benefitted from sharing local market, language, culture, business and political system. This would result into reduction in cost in comparison to establishing business by own. Besides such advantages, joint venture also has some critics which are as: in case of sharing the business with other business, the company gives control to another company to share its resources, this plays a role of big threat for the company. The company would not have a major control over its location advantage and experience curve of its business. Besides these, joint venture gives more opportunity to conflicts and battles if the strategies, goals and motives differ between the partners[7]. Hence by analyzing both the aspects of joint venture a wholly owned subsidiary, it is advisable for the company to opt for wholly owned subsidiary. The reason behind this is in case of wholly owned subsidiary, the advantages that company would receive are as: risk of losing control would be reduced over the core competency of the company. The company would be having a tight control in the foreign market that is Kuala Lumpur to adopt any strategic coordination. Besides these, company would be aware of get the information about experience curve and advantage of location. However apart from such positive points, wholly owned subsidiary also lays some negative points which are as: the company has to bear all the risk and cost by its own because there is no other joint partner to guide the overseas business and plans to be taken[8]. Staffing approaches To recruit and engage staff in an organization is considered as one of the considerable factor in an organization. The reason behind this is, as these are the only one who will help the organization in accomplishing the desired goals and objective. Hence an organizational management should employ staff in the basis of their talent and skills, that is the management should analyze that whether the employee has the required skills to work in the organization or not. An effective staffing policy is a tool to develop a corporate culture, value and norms in the organization. Besides this, it will contribute a major part to implement the organizational strategy[9]. To recruit and engage the staff in case of foreign country like in the given case Kuala Lumpur, the management should consider following approaches: Ethnocentric approach: in this approach, the employees are appointed of the parent company or the main company. That is there will be no or very few number of employees would be recruited from outside. Polycentric approach: in this approach, the management of the company appoints employees of the country in which the company wants to operate. Like in the given case of Kuala Lumpur, the company will appoint managers of Kuala Lumpur. Geocentric approach: this is considered as one of the best and costly approach. The reason behind increase in cost and its preference is, it seeks to appoint those people who are expert in their field. This approach ignores the nationality of its employees. Advantages and disadvantages and condition under which one approach is chosen over another In case of ethnocentric approach, it is perceived by the management of the company that there is lesser number of employees or professionals in the foreign market that is Kuala Lumpur so to manage the subsidiary. One of the main advantages in this approach is that, the company does not need to train the employees about the corporate culture of the organization. Besides this, by transferring the core competency of the company, value of the branch or subsidiary in Kuala Lumpur will increase. Hence by all this advantages it is said that to excel in international market, ethnocentric is a preferred choice. However there are some disadvantages in this approach which are as: it restricts the opportunity in foreign market. The reason behind this is, the employees recruited in foreign branch would not be able to cope up with the change in culture and marketing environment. Besides this it leads to culture myopia that is the company would be least interested to understand the culture of Kuala Lumpur. This can result into failure of the company in longer run[10]. In case of adopting polycentric approach, the company decides to follow localization approach, that is the employees and professionals would be recruited from Kuala Lumpur. This would lead to increase in confidence of the general public to connect with the company. Besides these it leads to minimize the cultural myopia for the company. Polycentric approach has some critics also which are as: this approach is quite expensive as comparison to ethnocentric approach. It might be possible that Kuala Lumpur people do not possess specialization as the company requires. Hence it can lead to disasters in the organization if the management could not find the able employees hence it will result into not attaining the basic goals of the company. Besides this, it can lead to arising of conflicts if there are some difference in the opinions of host country professionals and company management strategies[11]. In case of polycentric approach, it can lead to some advantages to the company in the form of: it builds a unique culture in subsidiary organization, which helps a lot in building competitive advantage for the subsidiary and creating value for the business. This creates an informal system in the organization which leads to arrive at early solution to the problems. Hence it is said that polycentric approach provides opportunities for the company to follow global strategy. Besides this, it helps the company in utilizing all the potential of its human resource capital. It builds a different environment for the company having different cultures. Apart from such positive points in adopting polycentric approach, it also poses some negative points which are as: immigration of other country like in the given case of Kuala Lumpur can restrict the company in employing their citizens in the organization. Besides this, polycentric approach is costliest approach in comparison to ethnocentric and geocentric approach[12]. The reason behind this is, the person recruited on local basis, would lead to rise in cost in making them understand about the corporate culture and corporate ethics as of United Kingdom. Recommendations By analyzing the approaches it can be said that the given company should opt for geocentric approach, the reason behind this are as: it is provided that company is a global organization, which means that company has sufficient resources to excel in the foreign market like in Kuala Lumpur by employing professionals of various sectors in the company structure[13]. Does Malaysia belong to a high context or low context culture? High context culture is just opposite to low context culture. These play a considerable role in exchanging the information in the management. In high context culture, many information are in the form of codes and implicit. This approach follows less formal or written information, multiple interactions are done here, focuses on long term information, all the activities and decisions are taken in the basis of personal relationship. While in case of low context culture, the information is presented in a physical context, hence there are very less information which is in the form of codes. In this approach, rules and regulations are given preference, mostly information is external and written, and it focuses in completion of task. Hence it can be said that high context culture is a flexible approach, while low context approach is a stringent approach[14]. By applying the above study on Kuala Lumpur, it is said that Malaysia belongs to high context culture. The reason behind this is, population of Malaysia, prefer on implicit information that is they usually avoid written or formal communication. The people of Malaysia, focuses on what is said to them, rather than on focusing on what does it actually mean. In case of United Kingdom, it follows Low context culture. The reason behind this is, people of United Kingdom used to follow stringent rules and regulations, and they prefer to communicate in a formal manner in the organization. They focus on building short term relationship, they are very task oriented[15]. Will it cause unnecessary misunderstanding in the cross cultural communication between staff of UK and Kuala Lumpur By analyzing culture of Kuala Lumpur and United Kingdom, it is said that, there will be misunderstanding in communication between subsidiary and parent company. In case of global or international businesses companies come across with cross cultural communications. In case of cross cultural communication, companies face problems such as: language barrier, personality traits, non verbal differences and many more[16]. Measures the company could use to rectify issue in communication The measures which company can adopt to overcome these barriers are to firstly communicate with the people of Kuala Lumpur and describing them all the rules, regulations, and conditions that parent or United Kingdom Company adopts, negotiating with the people of Kuala Lumpur on the culture context. This might be very complicated, it may be possible that very few number of employees wishes to opt for the profile of company, hence in such case it is advisable to firstly recruit own country members that is United Kingdom citizens. This will help the company as well as employees to understand the communication message and interpret accordingly[17]. Besides such, company can adopt strategies like; it can organize activities, and seminars to train the employees regarding company culture, how the information has to be transferred, providing workshops and tips regarding the communication, and appointment of employees which reduces the percentage of cultural misunderstanding[18]. Conclusion By analyzing the assignment over international management, it can be concluded that, to establish a new business operation in Kuala Lumpur, the company has chosen wholly owned subsidiary. The company management has decided to opt for wholly owned subsidiary due to its independence and more control in the hands of parent company. In case of staffing approaches, the company has a choice among ethnocentric, polycentric and geocentric approach. The assignment has chosen geocentric approach, because of appointment of expert from all over the world. This will bring efficiency in the business. In case of difference in cultural context between Kuala Lumpur and United Kingdom, it is suggested that the company must comply with the strategies like communication in advance, making them aware of the rules and regulations of the company. The parent company is a global company, hence it can adapt to such strategy and that would also not lead to increase in cost to a high extent due to existence of competitive advantages in the company. References Asgari, M and Ahmed, S, Z,. International of Malaysian service firms: business strategy and choice of foreign market entry mode, [website], 2010, https://eprints.um.edu.my/3120/1/Internationalization_of_Malaysian_Service_Firms.pdf, (accessed on 30th March, 2017). Aswathappa,. International business, India, Tata McGraw hill education, p 99-129. Bijaouji, I,. SMEs in an era of globalization: international business and market strategies, New York, Springer, p 1-61. Capon, N and Go, F,. Frameworks for market strategy, New York, Routledge. Export. Gov,. Doing business in Malaysia, [website], 2017, https://2016.export.gov/malaysia/doingbusinessinmalaysia/index.asp, (accessed on 30th March, 2017). Freeth, M et al,. A cross- cultural comparison of Autistic traits in the UK, India and Malaysia, [website], 2013, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236119949_A_Cross-Cultural_Comparison_of_Autistic_Traits_in_the_UK_India_and_Malaysia, (accessed on 30th March, 2017). Ireland, R, D et al,. Understanding business strategy: concepts and cases, United States of America, Cengage Learning, p 157-168. Kowal, A and Szumiel,. United Kingdom: communication, negotiations and cultural background, [website],n.d., https://works.adamkowol.info/UK.pdf, (accessed on 30th March, 2017). Maclachlan, M,. Cross-cultural communication styles: high and low context, [website],2010, https://www.communicaid.com/cross-cultural-training/blog/high-and-low-context/, (accessed on 30th March, 2017). Menipaz, E and Menipaz, A,. International business: theory and practice, London, SAGE, p 393. Moseley, A,. Improving cross-cultural communication skills: ask- seek-knock, Leadership advance online, vol 17, 2009, pp 1-7. Neelankavil,. Basics of international business, United States of America, M.E. Sharpe, p 57. Nymex consulting,. Market entry strategy-keys to success, [website], 2016, https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=6cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwiqhazH1f3SAhUB1GMKHXBKBmwQFggoMAUurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nymex-consulting.com%2Fpublication-though2016-29-07.pdfusg=AFQjCNEWrGMInh1XkBMvzr436tjHf0ml_Abvm=bv.151426398,d.cGc, (accessed on 30th March, 2017). Shenkar, O and Luo, Y,. Internation business, London, SAGE, p 291-301. Sinha, P, K and Sinha, S,. International business management, India, Excel books, p 335. Stikin, A and Bowen, N,. International business: challenges and choices, United Kingdom, OUP Oxford, p 142. Tielmann, V,. Market entry strategies, Germany, GRIN Verlag, p 1-28. Whitehead, S,. Staffing policy HRM issues in international business, [website], 2017, https://panmore.com/staffing-policy-hrm-issues-in-international-business, (accessed on 30th March, 2017). Export. Gov,. Doing business in Malaysia, [website], 2017, https://2016.export.gov/malaysia/doingbusinessinmalaysia/index.asp, (accessed on 30th March, 2017). Nymex consulting,. Market entry strategy-keys to success, [website], 2016, https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=6cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwiqhazH1f3SAhUB1GMKHXBKBmwQFggoMAUurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nymex-consulting.com%2Fpublication-though2016-29-07.pdfusg=AFQjCNEWrGMInh1XkBMvzr436tjHf0ml_Abvm=bv.151426398,d.cGc, (accessed on 30th March, 2017). V, Tielmann,. Market entry strategies, Germany, GRIN Verlag, pp 1-28. Ireland, R, D et al,. Understanding business strategy: concepts and cases, United States of America, Cengage Learning, pp 157-168. N, Capon and Go, F,. Frameworks for market strategy, New York, Routledge. I, Bijaouji,. SMEs in an era of globalization: international business and market strategies, New York, Springer, pp 1-61. O, Shenkar and Luo, Y,. Internation business, London, SAGE, pp 291-301. M, Asgari and Ahmed, S, Z,. International of Malaysian service firms: business strategy and choice of foreign market entry mode, [website], 2010, https://eprints.um.edu.my/3120/1/Internationalization_of_Malaysian_Service_Firms.pdf, (accessed on 30th March, 2017). Aswathappa,. International business, India, Tata McGraw hill education, pp 99-129. S, Whitehead,. Staffing policy HRM issues in international business, [website], 2017, https://panmore.com/staffing-policy-hrm-issues-in-international-business, (accessed on 30th March, 2017). E, Menipaz and Menipaz, A,. International business: theory and practice, London, SAGE, pp 393. Neelankavil,. Basics of international business, United States of America, M.E. Sharpe, pp 57. P, K, Sinha and Sinha, S,. International business management, India, Excel books, pp 335. M, Maclachlan,. Cross-cultural communication styles: high and low context, [website],2010, https://www.communicaid.com/cross-cultural-training/blog/high-and-low-context/, (accessed on 30th March, 2017). A, Moseley,. Improving cross-cultural communication skills: ask- seek-knock, Leadership advance online, vol 17, 2009, pp 1-7. M, Freeth et al,. A cross- cultural comparison of Autistic traits in the UK, India and Malaysia, [website], 2013, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236119949_A_Cross-Cultural_Comparison_of_Autistic_Traits_in_the_UK_India_and_Malaysia, (accessed on 30th March, 2017). A, Stikin and Bowen, N,. International business: challenges and choices, United Kingdom, OUP Oxford, pp 142. A, Kowal and Szumiel,. United Kingdom: communication, negotiations and cultural background, [website],n.d., https://works.adamkowol.info/UK.pdf, (accessed on 30th March, 2017).

Budgeting and Business Planning free essay sample

In order to create the criteria for the committee we have to look at what they want from the project. Most businesses and organisations are in business to make a profit, however the committee has different aims and objectives compared to a normal business or organisation. They need to weight up the options of each proposal and decide which best relates to their aims and objectives. When the committee is considering which proposal to go with they should consider the following categories †¢Short-term Financial Benefits †¢Long-term Financial Benefits †¢Environment †¢Relation to aims Short-term Financial Benefits The committee needs to consider the short term benefits of each proposal. They dont want to take on a proposal that has high start-up costs and doesnt make a return on the capital within the first year. The committee does not want to be left in a high amount of debt if the proposal fails. We will write a custom essay sample on Budgeting and Business Planning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If the committee is left with a debt they may not be able to fund other projects to further their three aims. Long-term Financial Benefits Long-term the proposals will give different outcomes. The committee needs to decide on how long they want to keep moult hall? If they want it as a long term asset which can help with their aims? Or do they want a longer term money making scheme to boost revenue which can be used in areas they already control. Environment Moult Hall comes with a huge area of woodland, they needs to consider the effects on the local plant life and wildlife that any proposal could have. They need to think, does it destroy plant life? Does it impact on wildlife habitats? Is their going to be any long lasting environmental damage? Relation to Aims The committee is based on three main aims. They need to consider these aims  in making their decision, they cant be making use of one proposal if it goes strictly against some of their basic aims. They have to consider their own image and brand, does a proposal give them a bad name/image considering their aims and objectives? Question 2 Jonathan and Ingrids proposal has some short term financial benefits, in the 30 week trial run moult hall turns over a small profit of  £1,646. When the committee takes their proposal in to consideration they should recognise this point, moult hall will be of no financial burden in the short-term 30 week trial. If the 30 week trial is to succeed then moult hall can have some structural work done costing  £20,000 which would close moult hall for four weeks after the trial. The structural alterations would increase the capacity of the site to allow up to 30 guests to stay at one time. According to Jonathan and Ingrid projections of a weekly cost per guest of  £66 and a weekly charge per guest of  £150 they are making  £84 profit per guest per week. With the structural alterations and the increase in capacity by 20 guests. The weeks after the alterations are finished they could make an extra  £1,680 per week, bringing their possible weekly total profit at full capacity to  £2,436 (allowing for one free space, 29 paying customers). Therefore they could justify the large  £20,000 outlay on alterations as moult hall would pay for these alterations in little over 8 weeks. So in the long-run moult hall could be a profitable project by the end of year one. The one drawback of this proposal is the loss of the usage of the minibus at weekends, which generated an annual income of  £1,040, however it can be argued that it is now being put to better use and that the money is being recuperated from moult hall. Break-even point Total expenses £63,880 Weeks until break-even47.3 Guests until break-even473 As we can see from the table above moult hall will have to attract 473 guests a year to break even when they can only hold 10 guests per week. Equally they would have to run for 47.3 weeks a year at full capacity to break-even. This gives them an average of 9 guests a week. If they were to structurally improve moult hall so that they can hold up to 30 guests a week then the figures would look very different as shown in the table below. Break-Even Point Total Expenses £63,880 Weeks until break-even point14.7 Guests until break-even point441 Although a similar amount of guests is required the amount of weeks at full capacity has drastically dropped from 47.3 to 14.7. Their average guests per week has dropped from 9 to 8. Although this is not a large drop, in comparison they only have to fill 8 out of 30 beds compared to 9 out of 10 beds in the 30 week trial. The environment and its protection are very important to the committee and are mentioned in their main aims. Jonathan and Ingrids proposal helps the environment and makes the most of moult hall, if a garden was to be kept at moult hall the guest could tend to this and grow vegetables and recycle waste in a compost, which in turn could be re-used on the garden making moult hall very self-sufficient and environmentally friendly. One of the major aims of the committee is to help and educate the young. Jonathan and Ingrids proposal does just this, by inviting young people from the surrounding area to come stay and learn about the countryside. The guests will be able to learn about different wildlife and plant life living in the moult hall woodland and surrounding areas. The committee has to consider how the proposal will relate to their own aims, with moult hall becoming a learning centre for the young the committee could promote the good work they are doing to increase their donations revenue and grow as a trust. Question 3 Winston’s proposal consists of turning moult hall into a quad bike track with lavish bedrooms in the house for guests. In the year one moult hall will turn over a profit of  £1,034,283.  £750,000 of this is guaranteed to the North West trust for the protection of wildlife and the other  £284,283 will go to Winston himself. Moult hall would be a great money maker for the trust with the guaranteed income of  £750,000 adding to the  £800,000 a year they receive from local donations and fund raisers, boosting their total revenue for the year to around  £1,550,000. Long-term moult hall will turnover similar amount each year as long as there is no dip in demand. In the second year when Winston doesn’t have any initial capital costs he will make a large profit himself of  £402,350. The funds the committee will earn from moult hall could be used in other areas to promote the protection of wildlife. Break-even Point Total Expenses £1,022,650 Weeks until break-even point35.9 Guests until break-even point538 From the table above we can see the break-even point for moult hall under Winston’s proposal. He would need to be operating at full capacity for almost 40 weeks a year to break-even this means he would have to attract 538 guests a year. On average to break-even Winston will have to have 11 guests a week. In monetary terms moult hall will be a very successful; however some parts of the proposal will go against the trusts main aims. The trust was set up for the protection of wildlife; one aim is to protect local wildlife and plant life. To make the quad bike track many mature trees will have to be removed in the grounds of moult hall. This will disrupt some of the habitats of animals in the woodland. One of the main habitats that could be disrupted is the nesting sites of the red kite. The red kite has only recently been re-introduced in to the United Kingdom after the success of similar projects in wales; the trust fully supports the work of the national charity that achieved this. The red kite was wiped out in the UK by modern farming methods which use pesticides to kill small rodents, which are the main food source of the red kite. The first aim of the Trust is to encourage farming methods that don’t hurt local wildlife and plant life. They have to consider how the disruption of the nesting sites would reflect on them if they took on Winston’s proposal. It may look bad as with one hand they are supporting the work of the charity yet they are making money at the cost of disrupting local nesting sites. Question 4a There are many different measures that to committee can use to measure the performance of moult hall such as: †¢Monthly financial reports †¢Committee inspections twice a year †¢Variance analysis – comparing budgeted figures with actual Variance Analysis The committee could use variance analysis; variance analysis is a comparison of the budgeted cost of running moult hall and the actual cost of running moult hall. They could see if the costs of moult hall are favourable or adverse. If the results are favourable then this means that moult hall is running at a cheaper cost than they originally budgeted. However if the results are adverse then this means that the cost of running moult hall is more than they budgeted, this could be due to higher food prices or a larger light and heating bill than first anticipated. Variance analysis will give the committee a good idea of how much difference there is between their original planned budget and their actual outlay. This will be useful in determining weather moult hall is a financially viable option. Monthly Financial Reports The committee could ask for the manager of moult hall to send them monthly financial reports so that they can keep track of the performance and see if they are making or loosing money. They could let the financial reports come in for a few months or even up to year. This way they can identify trends and high and low seasons. They may find that they have a slightly seasonal product, as more people will want to be outside in the summer compared to the winter. They can also see if over a year they are getting an increasing amount of interest month on month or if they are losing interest Committee inspections Committee inspections could take place two or three times a year, the committee could travel as a whole or send a few representatives to moult hall to assess the upkeep of moult hall and the grounds. The inspection  could also be used to see how the guests are enjoying their time at moult hall. The inspection team will then feed back to the committee who will have meetings on how to improve moult hall based on the feedback from guests and/or any improvements or checks that would need to be made to ensure the performance of moult hall is consistent. Question 4b When the committee is assessing the performance of moult hall they can use different companies to assess moult hall for them.   The Environmental Inspection Agency (EIA) can carry out Environmental impact assessments. The committee could use this agency to assess the impact that moult hall is having on the surrounding woodland and grounds of moult hall. The committee can use this information to track the environmental progress of moult hall and see if the project is having a damaging or positive effect on the woodland and grounds. The committee could also use a survey company to produce a survey which can be given to guests when they leave so that the guests can give their feedback. The survey company can then use these results to produce accurate feedback to present to the committee. This method would be better than the committee asking the questions themselves as it will give a better representation of the guest’s views on moult hall. One company that they could use is amplitude research, this is a company that specialises in market research, Amplitude research can create a standard survey for guests which will make the results more comparable and easier for the committee to act upon. Environmental inspection agency (EIA) – www.eia-international.org Amplitude Research www.amplituderesearch.com Budgeting and Business Planning free essay sample In order to create the criteria for the committee we have to look at what they want from the project. Most businesses and organisations are in business to make a profit, however the committee has different aims and objectives compared to a normal business or organisation. They need to weight up the options of each proposal and decide which best relates to their aims and objectives. When the committee is considering which proposal to go with they should consider the following categories †¢Short-term Financial Benefits †¢Long-term Financial Benefits †¢Environment †¢Relation to aims Short-term Financial Benefits The committee needs to consider the short term benefits of each proposal. They dont want to take on a proposal that has high start-up costs and doesnt make a return on the capital within the first year. The committee does not want to be left in a high amount of debt if the proposal fails. We will write a custom essay sample on Budgeting and Business Planning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If the committee is left with a debt they may not be able to fund other projects to further their three aims. Long-term Financial Benefits Long-term the proposals will give different outcomes. The committee needs to decide on how long they want to keep moult hall? If they want it as a long term asset which can help with their aims? Or do they want a longer term money making scheme to boost revenue which can be used in areas they already control. Environment Moult Hall comes with a huge area of woodland, they needs to consider the effects on the local plant life and wildlife that any proposal could have. They need to think, does it destroy plant life? Does it impact on wildlife habitats? Is their going to be any long lasting environmental damage? Relation to Aims The committee is based on three main aims. They need to consider these aims in making their decision, they cant be making use of one proposal if it goes strictly against some of their basic aims. They have to consider their own image and brand, does a proposal give them a bad name/image considering their aims and objectives? Question 2 Jonathan and Ingrids proposal has some short term financial benefits, in the 30 week trial run moult hall turns over a small profit of  £1,646. When the committee takes their proposal in to consideration they should recognise this point, moult hall will be of no financial burden in the short-term 30 week trial. If the 30 week trial is to succeed then moult hall can have some structural work done costing  £20,000 which would close moult hall for four weeks after the trial. The structural alterations would increase the capacity of the site to allow up to 30 guests to stay at one time. According to Jonathan and Ingrid projections of a weekly cost per guest of  £66 and a weekly charge per guest of  £150 they are making  £84 profit per guest per week. With the structural alterations and the increase in capacity by 20 guests. The weeks after the alterations are finished they could make an extra  £1,680 per week, bringing their possible weekly total profit at full capacity to  £2,436 (allowing for one free space, 29 paying customers). Therefore they could justify the large  £20,000 outlay on alterations as moult hall would pay for these alterations in little over 8 weeks. So in the long-run moult hall could be a profitable project by the end of year one. The one drawback of this proposal is the loss of the usage of the minibus at weekends, which generated an annual income of  £1,040, however it can be argued that it is now being put to better use and that the money is being recuperated from moult hall. Break-even point Total expenses £63,880 Weeks until break-even47.3 Guests until break-even473 As we can see from the table above moult hall will have to attract 473 guests a year to break even when they can only hold 10 guests per week. Equally they would have to run for 47.3 weeks a year at full capacity to break-even. This gives them an average of 9 guests a week. If they were to structurally improve moult hall so that they can hold up to 30 guests a week then the figures would look very different as shown in the table below. Break-Even Point Total Expenses £63,880 Weeks until break-even point14.7 Guests until break-even point441 Although a similar amount of guests is required the amount of weeks at full capacity has drastically dropped from 47.3 to 14.7. Their average guests per week has dropped from 9 to 8. Although this is not a large drop, in comparison they only have to fill 8 out of 30 beds compared to 9 out of 10 beds in the 30 week trial. The environment and its protection are very important to the committee and are mentioned in their main aims. Jonathan and Ingrids proposal helps the environment and makes the most of moult hall, if a garden was to be kept at moult hall the guest could tend to this and grow vegetables and recycle waste in a compost, which in turn could be re-used on the garden making moult hall very self-sufficient and environmentally friendly. One of the major aims of the committee is to help and educate the young. Jonathan and Ingrids proposal does just this, by inviting young people from the surrounding area to come stay and learn about the countryside. The guests will be able to learn about different wildlife and plant life living in the moult hall woodland and surrounding areas. The committee has to consider how the proposal will relate to their own aims, with moult hall becoming a learning centre for the young the committee could promote the good work they are doing to increase their donations r evenue and grow as a trust. Question 3 Winston’s proposal consists of turning moult hall into a quad bike track with lavish bedrooms in the house for guests. In the year one moult hall will turn over a profit of  £1,034,283.  £750,000 of this is guaranteed to the North West trust for the protection of wildlife and the other  £284,283 will go to Winston himself. Moult hall would be a great money maker for the trust with the guaranteed income of  £750,000 adding to the  £800,000 a year they receive from local donations and fund raisers, boosting their total revenue for the year to around  £1,550,000. Long-term moult hall will turnover similar amount each year as long as there is no dip in demand. In the second year when Winston doesn’t have any initial capital costs he will make a large profit himself of  £402,350. The funds the committee will earn from moult hall could be used in other areas to promote the protection of wildlife. Break-even Point Total Expenses £1,022,650 Weeks until break-even point35.9 Guests until break-even point538 From the table above we can see the break-even point for moult hall under Winston’s proposal. He would need to be operating at full capacity for almost 40 weeks a year to break-even this means he would have to attract 538 guests a year. On average to break-even Winston will have to have 11 guests a week. In monetary terms moult hall will be a very successful; however some parts of the proposal will go against the trusts main aims. The trust was set up for the protection of wildlife; one aim is to protect local wildlife and plant life. To make the quad bike track many mature trees will have to be removed in the grounds of moult hall. This will disrupt some of the habitats of animals in the woodland. One of the main habitats that could be disrupted is the nesting sites of the red kite. The red kite has only recently been re-introduced in to the United Kingdom after the success of similar projects in wales; the trust fully supports the work of the national charity that achieved this. The red kite was wiped out in the UK by modern farming methods which use pesticides to kill small rodents, which are the main food source of the red kite. The first aim of the Trust is to encourage farming methods that don’t hurt local wildlife and plant life. They have to consider how the disruption of the nesting sites would reflect on them if they took on Winston’s proposal. It may look bad as with one hand they are supporting the work of the charity yet they are making money at the cost of disrupting local nesting sites. Question 4a There are many different measures that to committee can use to measure the performance of moult hall such as: †¢Monthly financial reports †¢Committee inspections twice a year †¢Variance analysis – comparing budgeted figures with actual Variance Analysis The committee could use variance analysis; variance analysis is a comparison of the budgeted cost of running moult hall and the actual cost of running moult hall. They could see if the costs of moult hall are favourable or adverse. If the results are favourable then this means that moult hall is running at a cheaper cost than they originally budgeted. However if the results are adverse then this means that the cost of running moult hall is more than they budgeted, this could be due to higher food prices or a larger light and heating bill than first anticipated. Variance analysis will give the committee a good idea of how much difference there is between their original planned budget and their actual outlay. This will be useful in determining weather moult hall is a financially viable option. Monthly Financial Reports The committee could ask for the manager of moult hall to send them monthly financial reports so that they can keep track of the performance and see if they are making or loosing money. They could let the financial reports come in for a few months or even up to year. This way they can identify trends and high and low seasons. They may find that they have a slightly seasonal product, as more people will want to be outside in the summer compared to the winter. They can also see if over a year they are getting an increasing amount of interest month on month or if they are losing interest Committee inspections Committee inspections could take place two or three times a year, the committee could travel as a whole or send a few representatives to moult hall to assess the upkeep of moult hall and the grounds. The inspection could also be used to see how the guests are enjoying their time at moult hall. The inspection team will then feed back to the committee who will have meetings on how to improve moult hall based on the feedback from guests and/or any improvements or checks that would need to be made to ensure the performance of moult hall is consistent. Question 4b When the committee is assessing the performance of moult hall they can use different companies to assess moult hall for them. The Environmental Inspection Agency (EIA) can carry out Environmental impact assessments. The committee could use this agency to assess the impact that moult hall is having on the surrounding woodland and grounds of moult hall. The committee can use this information to track the environmental progress of moult hall and see if the project is having a damaging or positive effect on the woodland and grounds. The committee could also use a survey company to produce a survey which can be given to guests when they leave so that the guests can give their feedback. The survey company can then use these results to produce accurate feedback to present to the committee. This method would be better than the committee asking the questions themselves as it will give a better representation of the guest’s views on moult hall. One company that they could use is amplitude research, this is a company that specialises in market research, Amplitude research can create a standard survey for guests which will make the results more comparable and easier for the committee to act upon.

Godzilla vs Mechagodzilla essays

Godzilla vs Mechagodzilla essays Cinematic scholars have argued for decades over which is this biggest, meanest, and coolest monster of all time. Given the choice of Godzilla or Mechagodzilla: most people would choose the radioactive lizard over the space robot, because Godzilla won against Mechagodzilla. What these people fail to realize is that Godzilla had an unfair advantage in that battle. Both titans fought with all their power and when they reached a stalemate, Godzilla enlisted the help of King Seeser the 120 meter dog-like monster. While Godzilla held Mechagodzilla down, King Seeser beat the robot into submission. I have spent a long time deliberating over who would win in a fair fight. Although they seem to be an equal match, both monsters have very different attributes. Both monsters have a hit and run style of fighting. Godzilla is able to move undetected in the water. This leaves him the option of taking his opponent by surprise or making a quick retreat when necessary. Godzilla may have his tricks, but in the area of maneuvering, I give kudos to Mechagodzilla for one reason. Mechagodzilla can fly. Flight enables him to attack or retreat at great speed, as well as making him a hard target. Godzillas clumsy lizard demeanor is no match for Mechagodzillas jet-like speed. Defensive strength is another important factor in a battle of galactic proportions. Godzilla and Mechagodzilla can both take a hit. Godzilla has very thick and tough skin. Even if something were to pierce his armor-like scales, he has the unique ability to regenerate. If you hit Godzilla, he sucks it in and keeps fighting. Mechagodzilla was designed by aliens using space age metals and is virtually indestructible. Robots dont know the meaning of the word pain. If you hit Mechagodzilla, he feels nothing and keeps fighting. Unfortunately, Mechagodzilla cannot regenerate, which leaves Godzilla with the defensive edge. ...

Response Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Response - Article Example There are quite a number of benefits that can be derived from online dating sites such as aspects related to privacy and security. Geographically dispersed people can date each other and the choice of the desired match is wide. There are likely chances that if you search patiently, you will get your match. More interestingly, online dating removes unfavorable elements such as fear and confidentiality is guaranteed. However, there are also certain disadvantages of online dating. It exposes other people to cyber bullies and the victims may live under constant fear which can eventually lead to psychological distress. Online dating can also promote multiple sexual activities which in turn exposes the people involved to health risks. In my own opinion, I think community dating sites are essential during the contemporary period. They help people to get perfect matches and the other benefit is that these sites are easy to use and maintain. During the contemporary period, it can be seen that organizations are operating in environments that are characterised by stiff competition. Likewise, advertising is also gaining prominence since it can be observed that companies use this communication strategy to attract customers to buy their products. However, some companies are manipulating advertising through creation of weasel images that are far from the truth. As such, I concur with Lutz who suggests that some advertising messages are manipulative and they are meant to deceive the customers into buying the products offered. For instance, the sincerity of advertisements used in marketing alcoholic beverages in particular is questionable. From my own perspective, alcohol is not good to our health. No matter how much effort is put to portray alcohol consumption in a positive light, I think this beverage remains detrimental to our health. It is just a marketing gimmick by marketers of brands like Heineken and Tusker to present their brands

Network Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Network Security - Assignment Example Information security entails the adoption of specific measures that are supposed to prevent the unauthorized access, manipulation, use or the denial of access to any data, information, or capabilities that will ensure confidentiality (Douligeris and Serpanos, 2007). All these measures should be implemented to ensure the security of all the resources within the organization. Organizations nowadays have greatly relied on the various network technologies that ensure efficient data communications between different departments, at the same time ensuring that communication channels are secure. The expansion of an organization results into more resources being acquired in terms of new computers, printers, telephones, communication channels, hardwares and software’s and also the adoption of sophisticated network architectures. This results into an increased concern for information security within the organization to ensure that only the authorized personnel access the resources. Quest ion 1. The question describes the main security issues, the principles of public key encryption, and the role of certification authority as follows: Security issues facing the expansion of the organization Expansion of the organization will result into a rise in the demand of various resources. More hardware and software will be acquired, more people will be employed, and the network architecture to be used and various protocols will change to meet the organizational needs. Various security issues will arise; in physical security, all the tangible assets within the organization such as computers (both personal and laptops), network printers, telephones, storage media, people, network cables, and servers will face a security threat. Indeed, each of the organizations assets faces a security threat from within (internal) and from outside the organization (external). Security issues that will arise from within the organization (internal attacks) include access attacks such as eavesdropp ing (listening to a conversation that one is not part of) by fellow employees or through wireless networks, and snooping (looking through information files). Others include interception of transit information, unauthorized access to computers by employees, computer attacks by viruses, worms, Trojans, internal hackers and theft of hardware from within the organization (Maiwald, 2003). External attacks include hackers and cyber terrorists, and malware. The organization needs to address the measures that will be used to ensure security of both information, physical hardware, internal and external attacks are checked. Internal threats from employees are both intentional and accidental, where an employee can eavesdrop on another employee, hence gaining access to some information during conversation. In addition, employees can forge passwords of their colleagues and hence gain access to their computers, use, modify, and transfer information to other unauthorized members outside the organi zation. Moreover, employees may bring external or foreign insecure hardware into the organization, resulting into virus infection and transmission. Lastly, employees could steal portable small size hardwares from the organization. Information and communication within the organization will be affected in one way or another. There might be lots of network traffic caused by attacks on

What Extent Are Human Rights Claims Culturally Specific Politics Essay

What Extent Are Human Rights Claims Culturally Specific Politics Essay The atrocities committed against individuals in events such as slavery, the two World Wars, the Holocaust, and the apartheid in South Africa caused the issue of human rights to become a major concern for all nations across the globe, particularly for the western nations. The issue of human rights, however, has its roots in natural law theories of the 17th and 18th centuries and was more firmly established contemporarily in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other covenants, conventions and declarations that were derived from it. At the core of this issue, is the controversy as to whether human rights are universal or culturally relative. Another area of disputation is the efficiency of the international community in the face of cultural practices that serve to discriminate against individuals, such as female genital mutilation, for example. The use of secondary data was applied in carrying out this research to address the above-mentioned issues. In this essay, I will attempt to find out how can universal human rights exist in a culturally diverse world. As the international community becomes increasingly integrated, how can cultural diversity and integrity are respected? Is the African Union Security Culture effective? There is no universal consensus on the definition of human rights because although human rights speak to everyone, different cultures have different concepts as to what human rights are and what they really mean. Universal human rights do not impose one cultural standard, rather one legal standard of minimum protection necessary for human dignity. As a legal standard adopted through the United Nations, universal human rights represent the hard-won consensus of the international community, not the cultural imperialism of any particular region or set of traditions. Jack Donnelly  [2]  defines human rights as a special class of rights, that is, the rights that one has simply because one is a human being. They are thus moral rights of the highest order. John Humphrey  [3]  states, when we speak of human rights [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] we usually have in mind certain rights which pertain to individual men and women because they are human beings and for no other reason. While it may not be true that all human beings are born free and equal, they are born with certain rights. Some of these rights, but not all of them are called human rights. Human rights are those rights without which there can be no human dignity. They derive from the inherent dignity of the human person as mentioned in the preambles to the two United Nations Covenants on human rights. It follows that every one possesses these rights in full equality. Human rights are intended for everyone, in every culture and are the birthright of every person. Human rights also hold that every individual has certain rights protecting him or her against the abuse of power by governments. CULTURAL RIGHTS Culture  [4]  can be defined as a shared, learned, symbolic system of values, beliefs and attitudes that shape and influence perception and behaviour. Culture  [5]  is the totality of knowledge, skills, traditions, and customs, specific to a group of people or a civilization. It is transmitted socially from generation to generation and not by genetic inheritance, and largely determines individual behaviour. It encompasses a very broad aspect of social life: techniques, manners, morals, lifestyle, systems of values, beliefs, religious observances, family organization, etc. Every human being has the right to culture, including the right to enjoy and develop cultural life and identity. Cultural rights, however, are not unlimited. The right to culture is limited at the point to which it infringes on another human right. No right can be used at the expense or destruction of another, in accordance with international law. Similarly, cultural rights do not justify torture, murder, genocide, discrimination on grounds of sex, race, language or religion, or violation of any of the other universal human rights and fundamental freedoms established in international law. Any attempts to justify such violations on the basis of culture have no validity under international law. A Cultural Context These are some of the issues, concerns and questions underlying the debate over universal human rights and cultural relativism. Cultural relativism is the assertion that human values, far from being universal, vary a great deal according to different cultural perspectives. Some would apply this relativism to the promotion, protection, interpretation and application of human rights which could be interpreted differently within different cultural, ethnic and religious traditions. In other words, according to this view, human rights are culturally relative rather than universal. Taken to its extreme, this relativism would pose a dangerous threat to the effectiveness of international human rights laws that has been painstakingly set up with international standards, and consequently widespread disregard, abuse and violation human rights would be given legitimacy. When a traditional culture does effectively provide protection, then human rights by definition would be compatible, posing no threat to the traditional culture. As such, the traditional culture can absorb and apply human rights, and the governing State should be in a better position not only to ratify, but to effectively and fully implement, the international standards. Traditional culture is not a substitute for human rights; it is a cultural context in which human rights must be established, integrated, promoted and protected. Human rights must be approached in a way that is meaningful and relevant in diverse cultural contexts. Rather than limit human rights to suit a given culture, why not draw on traditional cultural values to reinforce the application and relevance of universal human rights? There is an increased need to emphasize the common, core values shared by all cultures: the value of life, social order and protection from arbitrary rule. These basic values are embodied in human rights. Communitarians argued that rights and justice are culturally specific and cannot be applied across borders. For communitarians, human rights cannot be defined universally because they only have meaning in terms of the social fabric of a particular society and culture that proclaim them and does not apply in the real world. Human rights would be something different in Saudi Arabia compared to the UK. Cosmopolitans see rights to have universal meaning when they are based upon human reason and that universal rights prevail over particular values because they express universal reason.  [6]   Make Peace Happen In the last decade, the security culture of the African Union (AU) has developed in some relatively radical ways. There are also new opportunities to advance the responsibility to protect (R2P) agenda adopted by the United Nations General Assembly World Summit in 2005. This agenda commits individual states and the international community to protecting populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. If successfully implemented in Africa, R2P would make a tremendous contribution to promoting stability and peace. The African Union (AU) has declared 2010 the African Year of Peace and Security with its campaigns slogan Make Peace Happen. Turning this statement into reality rests in large part on the members of the AUs Peace and Security Council, the most important African institution for the day-to-day management of peace and security issues. Within the AU, support for the responsibility-to-protect principle emerged from broader concerns with promoting human rights standards on the continent. If a government proves either unable or unwilling to protect its civilians from large scale loss of life [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] then international society bears a collective responsibility to protect them and can override the sovereignty of the state in question  [7]  . Security cultures are patterns of thought and argumentation [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] concepts of the role, legitimacy and efficacy of particular approaches to protecting values.  [8]  .  [9]   Moreover, security cultures help establish the core assumptions, beliefs and values of decision-makers about how security challenges can and should be dealt with, through the process of socialization. The African Unions Constitutive Act pledges respect for human rights and rejects the widespread impunity that has characterized armed conflict and political repression in many African countries. In grave circumstances such as occurred during the Rwandan genocide, the Constitutive Act authorizes the African Union to intervene. Leading African states in the African Union have also adopted a New Partnership for Africas Development (NEPAD), a program to lift Africa out of poverty that explicitly recognizes the importance of democracy, human rights, and the rule of law for economic development. NEPAD has also developed its own code of governance and system for peer review, but its pledges on human rights remain vague. The African Union will only succeed if it replaces the culture of impunity with the culture of accountability.  [10]   Indeed, the record of the AU was not much more impressive in the field of security-related activities. The organisation was mainly involved in setting norms and standards, but it was never effective in enforcing them. In the few cases of international wars (Somalia/Ethiopia 1977-78 and Eritrea/Ethiopia 1998-2000) the AU played virtually no role. The AU was also committed to the principle of non-alignment, but the fact that no member state ever joined any formal alliance with outside powers is probably mainly due to the fact that no alliance memberships were ever on offer, and the AU certainly failed in preventing the actual involvement of the great powers in conflicts on the continent. Without strong and interventionist versions of international distributive justice and measures associated with subsistence, economic and welfare rights, the AU will be powerless. The constructivists approach to analysing regional security dynamics as summarized by Hurrell, involves a number of central ideas: first, that, in contrast to rationalist theories, we need to pay far more attention to the processes by which both interests and identities are created and evolve, to the ways in which self-images interact with changing material incentives, [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] that both interests and identities are shaped by particular histories and cultures, by domestic factors, and by ongoing processes of interaction with others.  [11]   In order to guarantee human security at the personal, institutional, and structural-cultural levels, power relations and relations of power should be underscored within a socio-cultural context. In other words, emancipation or sustainable peace-building occurs when one understands the true nature of social-cultural categories such as class, gender, ethnic equality, etc. A great deal of peace-building deals with issues of security within a positivist-rational epistemology. Human security is therefore a situation or a condition free of injury or threats to an individuals, or communitys well-being, including freedom from direct physical attacks and psychological integrity. To ensure such security involves the understanding of human security located at the structural, institutional, and personal levels of society. It involves an attempt to understand human security or insecurity in terms of those who experience them. What motivates the dissatisfied to agitate and their beliefs as marginalized individuals should be seriously taken into account, instead of merely imposing policies on them. Constructivism as an approach is a useful theoretical lens in understanding the true nature of things such as collective violence, class, gender, and racial issues, among others. Within these units emancipation occurs when the accurate picture of the situation is understood. Constructivists operate on the ontological assumption that actors are shaped by the socio-cultural milieu in which they live. Constructivists try to go beyond the descriptive aspect of a situation to an understanding of the motives of a community in order to explain how they behave and what causes political outcomes. Constructivism is not only limited to the influence of norms and social understandings on different actors (individuals, groups, and states), it also investigates why the norms and inter-subjective beliefs often had different influences on different actors. Many constructivist studies have emphasized the ways in which ideas and norms become more powerful in their effect than conventional conceptions of strong state interests. In conclusion, this essay has considered many different arguments, cultures in the world are in many cases conflicting and the diversities in the world can make it difficult to have a universal consensus, especially when it comes to personal rights. While it is worth considering the western interpretation of human rights, the human rights doctrine should not have to make allowances for differences in morality. When it considers a right to be fundamental and important, this should mean it is universal. The function of Human rights is to improve the individuals life and the way it does this is not to make allowances for customs and traditions that should not be considered acceptable. For the time being it is a virtual impossibility to make economic compatibility a reality, as the differing political systems do not allow for this. However this does not mean that human rights in general are not compatible with multiculturalism. We are all humans, with basic wants and needs. Being granted these wants and needs does not take away anything from the differing cultures on the contrary the Human rights protect our right to be different, through cultural identity and religion amongst other rights. The basic rights of humans should not be based on culture but on what improves peoples life in the most effective way. Diversity does not affect human needs, and therefore should not affect, at least at the most fundamental level, the universal doctrine of human rights. 2194 Words

The Times of the New Year

My best friend was a drug addict and i had to help her into rehab. She did not want to go to rehab so we told her we were taking her to disneyland. She was so excited that she drove right home and packed her bags. Every country has their own holiday system. Different countries have different holidays. There are also some common holidays that people celebrate around the world, such as Christmas and New Year.Different countries have their own definition of the New Year. was said that long long time ago, there lived a horrible beast named† Nian† In the mountain. Every year, on the first day of the year, which Is the first new moon of the year, the beast would awaken and descend upon the village. The Vietnamese lunar New Year festival, Tet Nguyen Dan, Is the most significant holiday taking place within the first three days of the New Year. The nearer New Year comes the more excited and enthusiastic people are.In general, preparation for Tet starts one week before New Year's D ay. The New Year's cake New Year's cake Is a pastry made of the flour of glutinous rice nd used primarily in the lunar New Year period. 1 . Introduction (300 words) The New Year cake Is a special Year goods In Spring Festival. Those Rice cake were made by glutinous rice. A Turbulent Year for Israel 1996 has been a very turbulent year for Israel. This Iles In the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin on November 4, 1995.

Review Questions Essay

Answer the following questions (you may use MS Project Help): 1) What are the three base calendars included in MS Project and what are the default values of each? Standard – Default base calendar, Monday to Friday, 8 to 5, lunch noon to 1. This is the default base calendar used for the project, for tasks and for resources. Night Shift – Usually for graveyard shift, 11 PM to 8 AM, five days a week, lunch 3 AM to 4AM. 24 Hours – Work never stops here. Typically used for projects in a manufacturing situation, midnight until midnight 7 days a week. 2) What is the difference between a base calendar and a resource calendar? Resource Calendars apply to only specific resources. 3) Why schedule one project meeting after completion of the last task, Test System? We should – as a final meeting to discuss how the project went as a whole. 4) Give an example of when you would assign a 24-hour calendar to a resource. 24-Hour calendars would be used in situations where a consultant is being used to complete a fixed-cost task 5) If you were doing a senior project, what would be the base calendar you would use for students working on the project and what adjustments would you make to it? The base calendar I would use would probably be the 24-hour calendar because there would not be a set time each task will be worked on. Turn in this sheet with your MS Project file to the Weekly iLab Dropbox.